Diamond

Diamond is the form of the element carbon with its atom arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. Diamond has one of the highest hardness and thermal conductivityof any natural material properties that are utilized in major industrial applications such as cutting and polishing tools. Most natural diamonds has ages between 1 billion to 3.5 billion years. Most were formed at depth between 150 and 250 kilometers in the earth's mantle. More recently about ten to hundred of millions years ago, they were carried to the surface in volcanic eruptions and deposited in igneous rocks known as KIMBERLITES.

Kimberly process certification scheme is the process established in 2003 to "Conflict Diamond" from entering the mainstream rough diamond market by UN general assembly resolution 55/56 following recomendation in the Fowler Report.